Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Aksesi Jagung dari Nusa Tenggara Timur Berdasarkan Profil Inter Short Sequence Repeat (ISSR)

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) has become second most important cereal crops after rice in Indonesia. Maize is a staple food
and the main crop in subsistence dry land farming system in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Previous survey suggested
that NTT may have contained considereable amount of local landraces of maize that have not been well
recorded. Traditional farmers prefer to use traditional landraces than popular hybrid maize due to their superior
features such as less susceptible to weevil attack and well adapted to local environment. Hence, farmers were continuously
grow local landraces to meet the demand for their food security. Information on diversity of local landraces
is very important for improving landrace germ plasm. The objective of this study is to assess genetic and
phenotypic diversity of 15 accessions of maize from nine putative landraces collected from six locations in NTT
based on Inter Short Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprints and few morphological charcters. Five ISSR’s primers
(UBC 809, 822, 834, 876 and 892) were initially screened and two (UBC 809 and 834) were selected for the analysis.
These primers generated 16 scorable bands with two monomorphic bands, i.e. UBC 809 at 700 bp and UBC
834 at 900 bp. Clustering analysis was performed based on ISSR profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of
genetic similarity value among accessions was 0.30-0.80 suggesting sufficient variation of gene pool existed among
accessions. Combined data set of ISSR and morphological data suggested a higher diversity with a cofficient of
distance range from 0.52 to 1.25. Same as a single data set deduced from ISSR profile, none of the accessions
were clustered according to their landraces nor their progeny.
Keywords: Maize, NTT, ISSR, genetic diversity