Induksi dan Karakterisasi Pisang Mas Lumut Tetraploid

Abstract

Triploid banana breeding could be achieved by crossing tetraploid to diploid banana cultivars. The availaibility of tetraploid
bananas is naturally very limited. One of methods to produce tetraploid bananas is inducing tetraploid plants using
chemicals that inhibit spindle fiber formation during mitosis such as oryzalin or colchicine. The present research is aimed to
produce and characterize tetraploid Pisang Mas Lumut (Musa acuminata, AAAA genome) induced by in-vitro oryzalin
treatment from diploid Pisang Mas Lumut. Fifteen in vitro-cultured shoots were treated wih oryzalin at of 60μM for 7
days in a liquid MS basal medium with addition of 2 mg/l BA. After 6 sub-cultured, 54 shoots and 104 plantlets were
produced. Forty seedlings were then survived and grew well and healthy. Ploidy identification of induced Pisang Mas
Lumut was conducted using Flowcytometer at seedling stage and repeated at reproductive phases for 2 cycles. The results
showed that oryzalin treatments produced tetraploids at a frequency of 30%, diploid at 65% and mixoploid at 5%. The
tetraploid plants have longer and thicker pseudostems, produce fewer suckers, drooping and larger leaves, and broader fruits
compared to its diploid control at harvest time. The tetraploid plants have similar genetic properties with their diploid
controls as shown by genetic identity of 0.90-0.97.
Key words: Pisang Mas Lumut, Musa acuminata, AA, oryzalin, tetraploid