Pengaruh Suhu dan Salinitas Terhadap Respon Fisiologi Larva Tiram Mutiara Pinctada maxima (Jameson)

Abstract

ABSTRACT
PENDAHULUAN
Pinctada maxima adalah spesies
akuakultur yang mempunyai nilai
ekonomi tinggi (Taylor et al. 1997). Di
pasaran internasional, mutiara yang
diproduksi sering kali disebut dengan
nama “South Sea Pearl”. Indonesia
termasuk salah satu negara penghasil
mutiara (South Sea Pearl) yang cukup
diskenal di pasaran dunia, sebagian besar
produksi South Sea Pearl yang dipasarkan
berasal dari hasil budidaya (Anna
2006). Produksi mutiara berbasis
budidaya merupakan aktivitas usaha yang
menguntungkan. Perkembangan usaha
budidaya mutiara saat ini sudah mengarah
pada kegiatan industri yang terintegrasi
(Fassler 1995).
The Effect of Temperature and Salinity to The Physiological Respons on The Larvae of
Pinctada maxima (Jameson). Energy budget is one of the most sensitive tools available for
individual assessing environmental changes like temperature and salinity, and also prerequisite
for individual growth and survival. The aim of this study is to obtained information on energy
budget on routine metabolism, in different levels of temperature and salinity, and to know the
levels of optimum temperature and salinity. The research was used randomized block design,
with three replications. The result showed that optimal temperature and salinity on P. maxima
larvae was 28 oC and 32 – 34 ‰ (BE and BF). Energy budget to routine metabolism increased
was attributed to increased temperature and salinity due to the optimal, than would be decreased
when temperature and salinity increased. The highest of energy budged for routine metabolism
at treatment BF. Stage I: energy budged between 6.73 – 7.35 C g wet weight-1 hour-1 (28.18 –
30.74 J g wet weight-1 hour-1); Stages II: 5.85 – 5.95 C g wet weight-1 hour-1 (24.48 – 24.90 J g wet
weight-1 hour-1); Stages III: 4.73 – 4.80 C g wet weight-1 hour-1 (15.07– 19.58 J g wet weight-1
hour-1). The highest survival rate of larvae was by treatment BF, but has not higher significant
(P e” 0.05) with BE, stage I: survival rate between 87.75 – 87.92 %; Stage II: 81.91 – 82.39 % and
stage III: 76.72 – 77.26 %. The best of relative growth length of larvae by treatment BF and not
significant (P e” 0.05) with BE, at stage I: 29.78 x 17.93 ?m – 30.57 x 18.43 ?m (AP x DV); stage
II: 57.62 x 46.73 ?m – 58.13 x 47.33 ?m and stage III: 80.32 x 69.29 ?m – 80.88 x 69.62 ?m. The
quickest time of plantigrade stages have found by treatment BF (day 19.50) and hasn’t
significant (P > 0.05) with BE (day 20.85).
Keywords: Pinctada maxima, larvae, response; physiology, metabolism.
Kata kunci: Pinctada maxima, larvae, respon, fisiology, metabolisme.