Kecenderungan dan Faktor Penyebab Deforestasi di Way Pemerihan, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Lampung Barat

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Trend and Causal Factor of Deforestation in Way Pemerihan, Bukit Barisan
Selatan National Park, West Lampung. Deforestation of low land tropical forest
is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
(BBSNP), where this area is the third-largest protected area on Sumatra. Our study is the
first in BBSNP as integrate between remote sensing and socio-economic survey to demonstrate
that the area and rate of forest loss in Way Pemerihan (Cawangaro and
Sumbersari). The data demonstrated that deforestation activity has been started since
1965 in Cawangaro and 1977 in Sumbersari. Forest cover of 1.232ha had already been
lost by deforestation activity, i.e: 579 ha in Cawangaro and 653ha in Sumbersari. Forest
loss is increasingly by average rate of 1.2%/year (0.28m2/minute) in the meantime average
rate of regeneration only 0.09%/year. The highest increased of deforestation has
occurred after politics reformation in 1998. The result of socio-economic survey demonstrated
two causal factor include internal factor and external factor. Internal factor that is
landlessness, price of outside BBSNP land is relatively high and not productive because
of that low production. External factor of the processes which drives farmer to deforestation
is social gap to illegal logging activity, declined of BBSNP forest control and law
enforcement capacity, and boundary conflict between BBSNP with traditional lands.
Political reformation forms is the basis for increase external factor.
Keywords: Forest loss, satellite imagery, landscape, Illegal logging