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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN DAN HABITATNYA DI PERAIRAN KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS (KHDTK) GUNUNG BROMO, KARANGANYAR, JAWA TENGAH
Ade Lukman Mubarik, Rahma Nabila Irsiananda Sutarqo, Sugiyarto Sugiyarto, Galuh Masyithoh, Ike Nurjuita Nayasilana
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Abstract
Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Gunung Bromo dalam pengelolaannya wajib melaksanakan perlindungan biodiversitas yang ada di dalamnya. Pada kawasan tersebut terdapat aliran sungai yang menjadi habitat berbagai jenis ikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pendataan keanekaragaman ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman ikan, nilai fisikokimiawi air, dan hubungan antara keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai November 2020 di Sungai KHDTK Gunung Bromo. Stasiun penelitian terdiri dari tiga stasiun (I, II, III) yang didasarkan perbedaan tipe habitat (vegetasi riparian dan substrat dasar sungai). Pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan bubu, pancing, dan serok. Sampling ikan dilakukan dua hari per minggu di setiap stasiun, kemudian ikan diidentifikasi dan dicatat jenis serta jumlah. Karakteristik fisikokimiawi air berupa suhu, lebar, dan kedalaman sungai, kecepatan arus, pH, oksigen terlarut, serta total padatan terlarut diukur secara in situ setiap seminggu sekali. Data jenis ikan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi. Hubungan keanekaragaman dan fisikokimia air dianalisis statistik menggunakan koefisien korelasi Pearson. Ikan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak lima jenis dengan tingkat keanekaragaman berkisar antara 0,64 – 0,86 dengan nilai tertinggi di stasiun III dan terendah di stasiun I. Sungai KHDTK Gunung Bromo memiliki lebar 4,70 - 7,37 meter, kedalaman 0,42 - 1,15 meter kecepatan arus 0,08 - 0,21 m/s, suhu 27,62 - 31,09°C, oksigen terlarut 7,16 - 8,55 ppm, total padatan terlarut 825,80 - 995,4 mg/l, dan pH 7,18 - 7,34. Nilai-nilai tersebut masuk dalam kisaran optimum bagi ikan yang ditemukan. Analisis koefisien korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa faktor abiotik tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan terhadap keanekaragaman ikan.
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